tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post78684483491636257..comments2024-02-26T00:18:32.299-08:00Comments on Case Studies: 2nd Period - Case Study SummaryCoach Chvatal AP Biology Classhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01936437798036008001noreply@blogger.comBlogger74125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-27469921775275988742013-05-31T13:52:58.539-07:002013-05-31T13:52:58.539-07:00Hi there to every one, it's truly a fastidious...Hi there to every one, it's truly a fastidious for me to pay a visit this website, it includes important Information.<br /><br />Feel free to visit my web site ... <a href="http://articles.newbeats4u.com/?p=327" rel="nofollow">articles.newbeats4u.com</a>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-74709048705469721442013-05-28T10:30:44.242-07:002013-05-28T10:30:44.242-07:00Right here is the right website for anyone who hop...Right here is the right website for anyone who hopes to find out <br />about this topic. You understand a whole lot its almost hard <br />to argue with you (not that I actually will <br />need to…HaHa). You certainly put a fresh spin on a <br />subject that has been written about for a long time.<br /><br />Great stuff, just great!<br /><br />Review my weblog ... <a href="http://pigeonsbook.com/index.php?do=/Rosa79N/info/" rel="nofollow">hotmail email directory</a>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-4442551952604890022013-04-17T14:19:29.169-07:002013-04-17T14:19:29.169-07:00Quality articles is the important to invite the vi...Quality articles is the important to invite the viewers to pay a quick visit the site, that's what this website is providing.<br /><br />Look at my web site: <a href="http://bankoledamilare.blogspot.com/2012/03/tiger-woods-withdraws-from-doral-with.html" rel="nofollow">above ground pool wood decks</a>Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-58516586032917620362013-04-17T10:33:13.330-07:002013-04-17T10:33:13.330-07:00Saved as a favorite, I really like your site!
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This is a very interesting case study ...Peter Gala:<br />This is a very interesting case study Sally! We've all heard rumors and speculations that HIV may have originated from Ape and monkeys. And now there is substantial evidence that can prove this although more research must be done!I believe finding the origins of HIV and how it evolved can lead to a cure and or an effective treatment.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-54374551704755455942012-12-03T20:29:43.728-08:002012-12-03T20:29:43.728-08:00Peter Gala: Abracadabra
This case study shows how ...Peter Gala: Abracadabra<br />This case study shows how HIV functions and the few treatments that are available and how they combat HIV. For starters, there are two different kinds of HIV which are progressors and non-progressors. Both of these have the virus. However, the interesting thing about this is that progressors who have the virus can develop AIDS at a fast rate. Contrarily, non-progressors who also have the virus do not exhibit symptoms of AIDS developing! The way HIV replicates is the reason that it is so effective at fighting treatments and potential cures. The virus attaches to T-cell by binding their receptors with the CD4 receptor. When the virus penetrates the cell, it releases two RNA strands. The strands then go through Reverse Transcriptase and the RNA is converted to dsDNA. Because HIV is a retro-virus, its RNA is replicated twice making a double strand. Therefore it is no longer RNA but DNA. An enzyme called integrase inserts the HIV genome DNA into the host cell’s DNA. Because HIV is a retro-virus, there is more crossing over which leads to more genetic variation. It also reproduces very quickly adapting to any sort of inhibitor. HIV is then translated by the host cell’s machinery into polypeptides that will be cleaved. Then the enzyme protease cleaves the polypeptides into mature HIV proteins. The mature proteins then form the new HIV that will infect other cells. Thousands of HIV can be produced from a single cell. The only treatment for this disease is not really a treatment but more so delaying the inevitable. It just puts off the virus for later. What are known as “drug cocktails” are given to slow the virus down. But HIV soon adapts to the treatment and becomes immune to it causing a regiment change in the drug cocktails. This treatment is very expensive and relatively ineffective and is toxic to the body. Do the benefits out way the risks? <br />Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-83027239089228491912012-12-03T20:11:17.138-08:002012-12-03T20:11:17.138-08:00Cancer is one of the most horrific and mysterious ...Cancer is one of the most horrific and mysterious diseases to this date. The cure would be like the Holy Grail of the medical field. The underlying question is this- why do some people get cancer while others don't? One possible explanation lies in genetics. Is there a link between certain genetic conditions and someone having cancer? This case study shows how mutations on the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, can lead to cancer. This occurs because the large amount of protein produced by the APC gene is has several binding locations that bind to other proteins within a cell. One of these binding spots accepts B-catenin proteins. When this is bound to the APC protein, it breaks down. Because this protein has a role in triggering cell replication, binding to APC causes unnecessary cell replication. This leads to unnecessary cell replication- AKA cancer. So it’s possible that certain genes are more vounerable to causing cancer.. This topic could prove to be vital in the advancement of the medical fieldAnonymoushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/06984868901056612489noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-86596142774192763372012-12-03T15:53:02.788-08:002012-12-03T15:53:02.788-08:00Wow, this is a very interesting/sad article. The n...Wow, this is a very interesting/sad article. The name Maple Syrup Urine Disease sounds fake to me as well. It must be hard to maintain a diet like that because there's some kind of meat or dairy product in almost everything. I think it's good that Emma and Jacob are finally able to find out what the problem is with their babies. I hope that Matthew will have a liver transplant for a better chance at having a healthy life. It would be a chance that I would be willing to take to save if it was my child. There could be a possibility that he survives the liver transplant. Anonymoushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/16843436868934376298noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-16107361947211528562012-12-03T15:42:59.559-08:002012-12-03T15:42:59.559-08:00In the case study "Mother's Milk Cures Ca...In the case study "Mother's Milk Cures Cancer?" Dr. Svanborg has a student who is studying the effects of protein from human breast milk on virally infected tissue. What the student was researching to see if the is an increase of viral destruction but what the student came to find was that the protein in the milk was causing the cancer cells to "commit suicide". <br />Dr. Svanborg would have a hard time explaining this to her other colleagues. Her laboratory didn't qualify as a "high-profile, big science institute" like the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Institutes of Health (NHI). Dr. Svanborg contacted her most trusted colleague, David Soloman. He had told her that she should wait before telling people about these findings. She needed to find more evidence first. <br />There is a study that was done in 1995 that helps support her findings. It states that the risk of childhood lymphoma is nine times higher in bottle-fed than breast-fed infants. Dr. Svanborg and her team studied the components of the breast milk closer. They found the actual component of breast milk that was killing cancer cells is a protein called alpha-lactalbumin. In January of 1999, results were released showing that in the acid environment of an infant’s stomach, the normal alpha-lactalbumin protein changed shape and transformed into a killer of cancer cells. Her teamed named this altered protein HAMLET, for Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumor cells. The team tested HAMLET on animals since it's from breast milk, it should not have any harmful effects and if it is found to be useful for cancer treatment, it would have an advantage over other drugs which have harmful side effects. <br />Dr. Svanborg’s research group used genetically engineered HAMLET factor in bacterial cells. Once a protein has been isolated, a copy of the DNA can be made and inserted into a plasmid. Plasmids are vectors of the gene of interest that are placed into bacterial cells. Once a line of bacterial cells with the transformed plasmid is reproducing successfully, they are grown in large vats. If the HAMLET factor can kill cancer cells in humans, then it will not be long before the pharmaceutical companies want to get involved, but they must be convinced that the work is worth their attention. Sometimes naturally occurring drug products are labeled “orphan drugs” who are not marketed to the general public. I hope this won’t happen to the HAMLET component. Over all, Dr. Svanborg is happy with her team's progress.<br />- Christy CroweAnonymoushttps://www.blogger.com/profile/16843436868934376298noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-14230465454112314722012-12-03T13:26:57.970-08:002012-12-03T13:26:57.970-08:00ToolToolAnonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-798058026934650072012-12-02T21:35:06.764-08:002012-12-02T21:35:06.764-08:00I agree- it seems to me that this entire frenzy is...I agree- it seems to me that this entire frenzy is being caused by a lack of knowledge about acrylamide! Scientists should be able to prove its detrimental affect on the human body, if any, before calling it a direct cause of a (gasp!) cancer. Fried foods already lack a good reputation in the scientific community because of their unhealthiness in other aspects; however, it takes much more than the simple presence of a carcinogen to do significant harm. This does not mean, however, that scientists should abandon their research of the carcinogen- this means that they should continue to put effort into studying acrylamide so they can determine, even if years in the future, whether or not its long-term intake can do serious damage. The discovery would always be better earlier, so I say that scientists start now to find out whether consuming fried foods is a "chance" worth taking.Sabrina Moinnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-39665137675165720852012-12-02T21:21:13.484-08:002012-12-02T21:21:13.484-08:00In my article, "I’m Looking Over a White-Stri...In my article, "I’m Looking Over a White-Striped Clover: A Case of Natural Selection," I read about the presence of the white-striped clover in different regions of the United States. The clover in the US typically exists in two forms- a form with green leaves and a form with green and white leaves, commonly known as the striped variety. Striped clovers can produce cyanide, a poison, that is activated through the combination of a cyanide-sugar complex found in the cell cytoplasm and an enzyme found in the cell wall.<br />In an analysis of the habitat features of Minnesota and North Carolina, one can associate certain characteristics with the prominence of a certain kind of clover. Minnesota, with colder and dryer weather and a small population of herbivores, is inhabited by mainly plain, green-leafed clovers. Natural selection probably led to to the prominence of the plain clovers because colder weather would destroy plant cells above the ground, proving the cyanide poison in cell walls and cytoplasm ineffective against some kind of predatory herbivore population. This is not necessary, however, since there aren't that many molluscs in Minnesota.<br />On the other hand, North Carolina is characterized by lower elevation, a wetter environment, and a higher population of herbivores. The prominence of white-striped clovers is easily explained through natural selection of clovers that could survive existing near molluscs because of their cyanide defense.<br />These association of habitat variations to clover forms can then be applied to the regions of Long Island, NY, simply by knowing regional characteristics. One could predict that the shallower depressions of the Island with moister weather and an abundance of herbivores would have a prominence of striped clovers armed with cyanide, whereas the low hills, with fewer herbivores, that become considerably drier and freeze in the wintertime would have a prominence of plain clovers with no cyanide defense.<br />In summary, the case explores how environmental differences affected the evolution of clover variants in different regions. The variants with adaptations that best suited their environment, like the striped clovers that contained cyanide in regions with many herbivores, were more likely to survive and therefore were naturally selected to become prominent in that specific area.Sabrina Moinnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-50496949107480720062012-12-02T20:56:52.375-08:002012-12-02T20:56:52.375-08:00The case study that I had the pleasure of reading ...The case study that I had the pleasure of reading was “A Sickeningly Sweet Baby Boy: A Case Study on Autosomal Recessive Inheritance” by Jacqueline Washington and Anne Zayaitz. Emma and Jacob Miller lost their firstborn child nine days after birth and just gave birth to their second child, Matthew. They are understandably frantic when he can no longer feed after seven days. A visit to the doctor reveals that Matthew’s urine elevated levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and his enzyme activity was 200 times lower than normal. He is diagnosed with Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD), which sounded fake to me, but results from an inability to metabolize BCAA and can result in brain swelling, damage, and death. The doctor states that Matthew must maintain a diet low in protein for the rest of his days. Now that Emma and Jacob know the cause of their babies’ problems, they think back on the many family members that had died within the first year of life on both sides of their family tree and conclude that both of them must be carriers of this autosomal recessive gene. (duh) Matthew lives a controlled and sad life, empty of meat and dairy products. No birthday cake for Matthew. Even with this controlled diet, he still has brain swelling several times a year, until his parents have had enough and have Matthew put on the list for a liver transplant. There is a 40% chance that he will reject the liver and he could possibly die from complications in the very surgery attempting to prevent his demise. Is it really worth it? Would this be a chance that you'd be willing to take?Holly Gundernoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-29590885547292298022012-12-02T20:50:40.466-08:002012-12-02T20:50:40.466-08:00I also completely agree; the textbook should be by...I also completely agree; the textbook should be by coach c and you-I would have fun reading it! (Not that I don't have fun already.....this textbook is so exciting....of course.) But anyways, i liked how you went into detail about the three types of carbon atoms. It makes you appreciate things that we would usually ignore while living our day to day lives. Carbon is always being reused. And I love the quote at the very end, Landry! "We are a part of the universe and a part of the universe is in us too." It's so true :)Yusra Asifnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-73838525756038539152012-12-02T20:42:04.618-08:002012-12-02T20:42:04.618-08:00My case study is “The Case of Eric, Lou Gehrig’s D...My case study is “The Case of Eric, Lou Gehrig’s Disease, and Stem Cell Research” by Elizabeth R. McCain. At age 31, Eric was diagnosed with ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known in the United States as Lou Gehrig’s disease. He had muscle damage present in both the upper and lower body neurons. The disease destroys motor neurons, which stimulate muscles. (chapter 48!) Without receiving the signals because of the killed motor neurons, the muscles weaken and atrophy. For Eric, the most difficult and nerve-wracking part was how his life was going to change as a result of this disease. His sister, however, was curious about the cure. She looked into embryonic stem cell therapy. Stem cells are interesting because they can differentiate into many different types of cells with various functions, so it was possible they could become motor neurons and potentially rescue the damaged neurons and save Eric’s life. The cure looked promising, but hadn’t been tried on a patient with severe ALS. Eric wasn’t comfortable with the idea of having embryonic cells in his body, and nor did he wish to become a researcher’s guinea pig. Before participating in a trial for the potential cure, however, Eric had to talk to dozens of professionals, from politicians (to see the legal status of the research), philosophers (to see his opinion) and of course, numerous doctors and researchers as well. The stem cell research, which worked on mice, looked extremely promising, but the risks were so dangerous that Eric had a careful decision to make….and the article leaves us in suspense, never telling of Eric’s decision. Personally, I feel like the cure is so simple that it might actually work, but I understand Eric’s fear…being the first one in anything life-threatening is daunting. Yusra Asifnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4856437710524168644.post-37487314793955594642012-12-02T20:23:54.148-08:002012-12-02T20:23:54.148-08:00Science never ceases to amaze! Like Landry said, i...Science never ceases to amaze! Like Landry said, it's incredible how far we have come to where doctors can pinpoint the origin of the issue and respond by creating and administering new drugs to effect change at the source. (Even though certain patients should not be given that drug…) The point that you made on how the variation between each person's genetic composition drastically affects their reaction to TGN reminded me of how modern evolution is still selecting for the strongest and fittest, but we are now faced with new factors that our hominid predecessors would not have ever imagined, such as pollution, diet, and who will be killed off by a new drug. Just a thought.Holly Gundernoreply@blogger.com